- Fixed regex backtracking vulnerabilities in Active Support Inflector.underscore and Action Pack header handling (CVE‑2023‑22796, CVE‑2023‑22795)
- Hardened Active Record SQL comment sanitization and added integer width checks for PostgreSQL quoting to prevent bypasses and inefficient scans (CVE‑2023‑22794, CVE‑2022‑44566)
- Replaced regex with string split for domain parsing in Action Pack, improving performance and reducing attack surface (CVE‑2023‑22792)